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Clifford James Geertz (August 23, 1926 – October 30, 2006) was an American anthropologist who is remembered mostly for his strong support for and influence on the practice of symbolic anthropology, and who was considered "for three decades...the single most influential cultural anthropologist in the United States."〔Geertz, Clifford, Shweder, R. A., & Good, B. (2005). Clifford Geertz by his colleagues. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.〕 He served until his death as professor emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. ==Biography and major works== Clifford Geertz was born in San Francisco, California on August 23, 1926. After service in the U.S. Navy in World War II (1943–45), Geertz received his B.A. in philosophy from Antioch College in 1950. After graduating from Antioch he attended Harvard University from which he graduated in 1956, where he was a student in the Department of Social Relations. This interdisciplinary program was led by Talcott Parsons, and Geertz worked with both Parsons and Clyde Kluckhohn. Geertz was trained as an anthropologist, and conducted his first long-term fieldwork, together with his wife, Hildred, in Java, which was funded by the Ford Foundation and MIT. He studied the religious life of a small, upcountry town for 2.5 years, living with a railroad labourer's family.〔Geertz, Clifford (2001). ''Available light: Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics''. Princeton: Princeton University Press p. 8-9〕 After finishing his thesis, Geertz returned to Bali and Sumatra.〔Geertz, Clifford (2001). ''Available light: Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics''. Princeton: Princeton University Press p. 10〕 He earned his Ph.D. in 1956 with a dissertation entitled ''Religion in Modjukuto: A Study of Ritual Belief In A Complex Society''. He taught or held fellowships at a number of schools before joining the faculty of the anthropology department at the University of Chicago in 1960. In this period Geertz expanded his focus on Indonesia to include both Java and Bali produced three books, including ''Religion of Java'' (1960), ''Agricultural Involution'' (1963), and ''Peddlers and Princes'' (also 1963). In the mid-sixties Geertz shifted course and began a new research project in Morocco which resulted in several publications, including ''Islam Observed'' (1968), which compared Indonesia and Morocco. In 1970 Geertz left Chicago to become professor of social science at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey from 1970 to 2000, then emeritus professor. In 1973 he published ''The Interpretation of Cultures'', which collected essays Geertz had published throughout the 1960s. This became Geertz's best known book, and established him not just as an Indonesianist, but as an anthropological theorist. In 1974 he edited the anthology ''Myth, Symbol, Culture'' which contained papers by many important anthropologists on symbolic anthropology. Geertz produced ethnographic pieces in this period, such as ''Kinship in Bali'' (1975), ''Meaning and Order in Moroccan Society'' (1978, written collaboratively with Hildred Geertz and Lawrence Rosen) and ''Negara'' (1981). From the 1980s until his death, Geertz wrote more theoretical and essayistic pieces, including book reviews for the New York Review of Books. As a result, most of his books from this period are collections of essays, including ''Local Knowledge'' (1983), ''Available Light'' (2000) and ''Life Among The Anthros'' (published posthumously in 2010). He also produced the autobiographical ''After The Fact'' (1995) and ''Works and Lives'' (1988), a series of short essays on the stylistics of ethnography. Geertz received Honorary Doctorate Degrees from some fifteen colleges and universities, including Harvard University, the University of Chicago and the University of Cambridge. He was married first to the anthropologist Hildred Geertz. After their divorce, he married Karen Blu, also an anthropologist. Clifford Geertz died of complications following heart surgery on October 30, 2006. Geertz conducted extensive ethnographical research in Southeast Asia and North Africa. This fieldwork was the basis of Geertz's famous analysis of the Balinese cockfight among others. He was the director of the multidisciplinary project ''Committee for the Comparative Studies of New Nations'' while he held a position in Chicago during the sixties. He conducted fieldwork in Morocco as part of this project on "bazaars, mosques, olive growing and oral poetry".〔 The ethnographic data for the famous essay on Thick description was collected here. He contributed to social and cultural theory and is still influential in turning anthropology toward a concern with the frames of meaning within which various peoples live their lives. He reflected on the basic core notions of anthropology, such as culture and ethnography. At the time of his death, Geertz was working on the general question of ethnic diversity and its implications in the modern world. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Clifford Geertz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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